Basic Electronic Components Explained (Symbol, Pehchan, Kaam) | Lesson 4

Team Tekno World ke free mobile repairing course mein aapka swagat hai! Main hoon Rakesh Chauhan, aur yeh humara Lesson 4 hai.

Pichle lesson (Lesson 3) mein humne ‘Hardware’ aur ‘Software’ ke beech ka antar samjha. Hardware repairing seekhne ke liye, aapko motherboard ki “bhasha” seekhni hogi। aaj hum sikhege Basic Electronic Components ke baare.

Aaj hum sirf components ko “pehchanenge” nahi, balki unke “Schematic Symbol” (स्कीमेटिक सिंबल) ko bhi pehchanenge. Yeh symbol humare “Schematic Diagram” padhne ke liye sabse zaroori hai.

1. Resistor (रेसिस्टर)

• Yeh Kya Hai: Yeh ek “Speed Breaker” ki tarah hai.
• Iska Kaam: Yeh electricity (current) ke bahaav ko rokta (resists) ya kam (limits) karta hai.
• PCB Par Pehchan: Bahut chhote, kaale rang ke chips (SMD Resistor). In par aksar ‘0’ (Zero Ohm), ‘103’, ‘R10’ jaise number likhe hote hain ya ye bina numbers ki ho sakte hai. niche resistor ki iamge bhi di gayi hai.
• Schematic Symbol: R (Example: R101). Iska symbol ek zigzag line jaisa hota hai. jo niche figure me dikhya gaya hai

2. Capacitor (कैपेसिटर)

• Yeh Kya Hai: Yeh ek “Chhoti Paani ki Tanki” ya “Chhoti Rechargeable Battery” hai.
• Iska Kaam: Yeh electric charge ko store karta hai aur current ko “Filter” karta hai (noise ko khatm karta hai).
• PCB Par Pehchan: Zyadaatar Brown ya grey rang ke chips. Inka koi + (Plus) ya – (Minus) nahi hota (Non-Polarized).
  • (Note: Kuch bade Capacitor kaale ya peele hote hain jin par ek line bani hoti hai, veh Polarized hote hain)।
• Schematic Symbol: C (Example: C501). Iske symbol mein 2 Parallel line hoti hain. Niche iamge dekhe

3. Diode (डायोड)

• Yeh Kya Hai: Yeh ek tarah ka “One-Way Gate” hai.
• Iska Kaam: Yeh current ko sirf ek disha mein behne deta hai aur ulti disha se rok (blocks) deta hai.
• PCB Par Pehchan: Kaale rang ke, 2 pins wale component. In par ek White line bani hoti hai jo iski disha (Cathode) dikhati hai. ispe ek Cathode v dusri pin Anode kahlati hai.
• Schematic Symbol: D (Example: D100). Iske symbol mein ek teer aur ek deewar hoti hai.
  • Zener Diode ka symbol ZD hota hai (line thodi ‘Z’ shape mein hoti hai).
  • LED (Light Emitting Diode) ka symbol bhi D hota hai (us par teer (Arrow) bahar jaate hue hote hain).

4. Coil / Inductor (कॉइल / इंडक्टर)

• Yeh Kya Hai: Yeh Copper ke taar ki ek Coil hoti hai.
• Iska Kaam: Current ko stable karna aur power supply mein voltage ko kam (Buck) ya zyada (Boost) karne mein madad karna.
• PCB Par Pehchan: Black ya Grey rang ke, thode mote aur Square chips.
• Schematic Symbol : L (Example: L201). Iska symbol ek gol (Loop) taar jaisa hota hai.

5. Transistor & MOSFET (ट्रांजिस्टर और मॉसफेट)

Yeh phone ke “Electronic Switches” hain. Mobile mein aamtaur par 2 tarah ke transistor hote hain:

A. Normal Transistor (BJT):

• Kaam: Ek chhote se current se ek bade current ko chalu ya band karna (Switching), ya signal ko mazboot (Amplify) karna.
• Pehchan: 3 legs wala kaala component.
• Pins: Base (B), Emitter (E), Collector (C).
• Schematic Symbol : Q (Example: Q101).

B. MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor):

• Yeh Kya Hai: Yeh ek High-Speed Switch hai. Aajkal ke smartphones mein charging aur power supply mein yahi istemaal hota hai.
• Iska Kaam: Yeh battery ke current ko bahut tezi se ON/OFF karta hai (Switching) aur Voltage ko control karta hai.
• PCB Par Pehchan:
  • 3 Legs: Chhota 3 pin wala component (Q).
  • 6/8 Legs: Kabhi-kabhi yeh ek chhoti IC (8-pin) jaisa dikhta hai (jaise Charging MOSFET ya OVP IC).
• Schematic Symbol : Q ya T. Iske symbol mein 3 pins hoti hain: Gate (G), Drain (D), Source (S).

6. Crystal (क्रिस्टल) / Oscillator (ऑसिलेटर)

• Yeh Kya Hai: Yeh phone ka “Metronome” (मेट्रोनोम) ya “Heartbeat” (दिल की धड़कन) hai.
• Iska Kaam: Yeh ek bahut hi sateek “Frequency“ ya “Clock Signal” paida karta hai, jiske signal par CPU aur Network IC kaam karte hain.
• PCB Par Pehchan: Aamtaur par Shiny Silver rang ka, अंडाकार ya Square component, jis par ek number (jaise 26.000 ya 19.2) likha hota hai.
• Schematic Symbol: X, Y, ya OSC (Example: X100). Iska symbol ek rectangle mein “crystal” jaisa hota hai.

7. IC (Integrated Circuit)

• Yeh Kya Hai: Yeh “Poora Mohalla” hai। Yeh ek poora circuit (jismein laakhon Transistor/Resistor hote hain) ek chhoti si chip mein bana hota hai.
• Iska Kaam: Koi bhi khaas kaam karna (jaise Power IC, Audio IC, CPU).
• PCB Par Pehchan: Motherboard par lagi sabse badi kaali chips. Yeh SMD (pins bahar) ya BGA (pins neeche) ho sakti hain। (Iske baare mein hum aage detail mein padhenge)।
• Schematic Symbol (निशान): U (Example: U101 – Power IC). Iska symbol ek bada “Box” hota hai jismein bahut saari pins hoti hain.

8. Connector (कनेक्टर)

• Yeh Kya Hai: Yeh ek “Junction” ya “Socket” hai.
• Iska Kaam: Motherboard ko doosre parts (jaise Display, Battery, Camera) se jodna.
• PCB Par Pehchan: Plastic ke socket jin par pins dikhti hain.
• Schematic Symbol: J (Example: J701 – Battery Connector) ya CON (Example: CON100).

Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)

Aaj aapne hardware ki ‘ABCD’ yani Basic Electronic Components aur unke “Symbol” dono seekh liye hain. Ab aapka practical kaam shuru hota hai.

💡Aaj ka Aapka Task – Lesson 4 (Comments & Forum)

Yeh lesson sabse zaroori hai!

1. Comment (नीचे): Kya aapne in sabhi 8 components ko samajh liya? Mujhe neeche comment karke “Lesson 4 Done!” likhein.
2. Homework (होमवर्क): Apna puraana motherboard (PCB) lein aur us par in sabhi 8 components ko dhoondhne ki practice karein.
3. Forum (सवाल-जवाब): Agar aap kisi component ko pehchaan nahi paa rahe hain, toh uski photo kheench kar humare Forum (forum.teamtw.in) par poochein!.

Agla Lesson: Kal subah 8 baje taiyaar rahein! Lesson 5 mein hum jaannenge ki yeh component Mount kahan jaate hain। Humara agla lesson 5 hai: “PCB Kya Hai? (Motherboard ko samjhein)”।