Mobile Motherboard ICs Explained: Types, Pinout & Identification | Lesson 6

Team Tekno World ke free mobile repairing course mein aapka swagat hai! Main hoon Rakesh Chauhan, aur yeh humara Lesson 6 – Mobile Motherboard ICs Explained hai.

Pichle Lesson-5 mein humne “PCB” ko samjha, jo phone ka City hai. Aaj hum is shehar ki Buildings yaani ICs (Integrated Circuits) ke baare mein sab kuch jaanenge.

Aaj ka lesson thoda lamba hai, lekin sabse zaroori hai. Aaj hum seekhenge ki ICs kitne tarah ki hoti hain (BGA vs SMD), unki Pin kaise ginte hain, aur phone ke main parts (CPU, Power IC) ko kaise pehchaante hain.

1. IC Ke Prakar (Types of IC Packages)

Phone mein 99% ICs “SMD” hoti hain, lekin unke dikhne ka tareeka alag-alag hota hai.

• A. QFP (Quad Flat Package) – “Leg IC”:
  • Pehchan: Yeh ek kaali chip hoti hai, jiski Legs/Pins aapko bahar ki taraf dikhaai deti hain.
  • Repairing: Inhe Soldering Iron ya SMD Hot Air Gun se nikaalna/lagana aasan hai.
• B. BGA (Ball Grid Array) – “Ball IC”:
  • Yeh Phone ka “Main Hero” hai.
  • Pehchan: Yeh ek flat IC hoti hai jiski koi bhi pin bahar nahi dikhti। Iski saari pins, “solder ki chhoti-chhoti Balls” (गेंदों) ke roop mein IC ke poori tarah neeche ki taraf chhipi hoti hain.
  • Repairing: Yeh sabse mushkil kaam hai. Inhe nikaalne ke baad, hamein inki “Balls” dobara banani padti hain, jise “IC Reballing” (hum aage ke Lesson mein seekhenge) kehte hain.
• C. LGA (Land Grid Array) – “Pad IC”:
  • Pehchan: Yeh BGA jaisi dikhti hai par iske neeche balls nahi, balki “flat golden pads” hote hain. (Jaise iPhone ka CPU/ PA).

2. IC Ki Pin Count Karna (Pin 1 Kaise Dhoondhein?)

Schematic Diagram padhne ke liye aapko pata hona chahiye ki “Pin Number 1” kaun si hai.

• 1. QFP (Leg IC) aur LGA (Pad IC)
  • The “Dot” Rule: Har IC par company ek Mark chhodti hai. Yeh mark ek “Dot” ya “Notch” hota hai. Yeh “Dot” hamesha “PIN 1” ko dikhata hai.
  • Ginne ka Niyam: Ek baar Dot mil gaya, to aapko hamesha “Ghadi Ki Ulti Disha Mein” (Anti-Clockwise) ginna hai.
    1. Dot waali pin 1 hai.
    2. ulti disha mein 2 hai… aur aise hi aage badhein.
• 2. BGA IC
  • Har BGA IC par ek dot/Notch mark hota hai. yahi se pin count ki jati hai.
  • Maan lijiye aapke paas ek 12×12 ball wala IC hai. (niche image me)
  • Pin counting ek grid system follow karti hai, bilkul graph paper ya chess board ki tarah.
  • Horizontal Axis (Rows): Yeh Alphabets (A, B, C, D, …) dwara represent ki jaati hai. Yeh generally A1 se start hoti hai aur neeche ki taraf jaati hai.
  • Vertical Axis (Columns): Yeh Numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, …) dwara represent ki jaati hai. Yeh generally A1 se start hoti hai aur right side ki taraf jaati hai.
  • Graph paper ki tarah in pe ball dekhe jate hai jaise C wali row & 8 wala column yani C8 ball. isi tarah sabhi pins ko ginte hai

3. Motherboard Ke VVIPs (Main ICs Ki Pehchan)

Ab jab hum ICs ki “shakal” pehchaan gaye hain, toh aaiye milte hain phone ko chalane wale mukhya Officers (ICs) se.

• 1. CPU (Central Processing Unit) – ‘Dimaag’:
  • Kaam: Phone ke har function ko process karna aur baaki ICs ko control karna.
  • Pehchan: Yeh motherboard par lagi sabse badi BGA IC hoti hai. bahut se phone me iske upar RAM lagi hoti hai, jise double decker kahte hai.
• 2. eMMC / UFS – ‘Storage’ (Hard Disk):
  • Kaam: Aapka data (Photos, Videos) aur Android OS yahi store hota hai.
  • Pehchan: Yeh aamtaur par CPU ke theek bagal mein lagi doosri sabse badi IC hoti hai.
• 3. DC-to-DC / Charging IC (BQ / PMI) – ‘Assistant Manager’:
  • Kaam: Charger se 5V lena, battery charge karna, aur pure phone ke liye VPH Power (Main System Voltage) banana.
  • Pehchan: Yeh Power IC se thodi chhoti hoti hai. Zyadaatar ispar “BQ” (Texas Instruments) ya “PMI” (Qualcomm) likha hota hai. Yeh Battery Connector ke paas milti hai.
• 4. Power IC (PMIC) – ‘Bijli Ghar’:
  • Kaam: Battery se voltage lekar poore phone mein distribute karna.
  • Pehchan: Sabse Pakki Pehchan: Is IC ke chaaron taraf bahut saare Coils (L) aur Capacitors (C) lage hote hain.
• 5. RF IC (Network IC) – ‘Signal Manager’:
  • Kaam: Network signal (4G/5G) lana aur bhejna.
  • Pehchan: Yeh hamesha “Network Section” mein (Antenna connector ke paas) milti hai.

Conclusion (निष्कर्ष)

Aaj aapne na sirf ICs ke “package” (BGA/QFP) ko samjha, balki unke “Pin Number” ginna aur Board par “Main ICs” ko dhoondhna bhi seekh liya. Yeh ek professional technician ki nishani hai.

💡 Aaj Ka Aapka Task – Lesson 6 (Comments & Forum)

Yeh lesson thoda technical tha, isliye practice zaroori hai.

1. Homework: Apna practice motherboard lein. Us par ek BGA IC dhoondhein aur uska “Dot/Notch” khojein. Bina Google kiye, Power IC ko dhoondhne ki koshish karein (Hint: Coils dhoondhein!).
2. Comment : Kya aapne Power IC dhoondh li? Neeche comment karke “Yes, Found PMIC!” likhein.
3. Forum (सवाल-जवाब): Agar aapko CPU aur eMMC mein fark samajhne mein dikkat ho rahi hai, toh photo kheench kar humare Forum (forum.teamtw.in) par poochein.

Agla Lesson: Parts aur ICs ki pehchan ho gayi! Ab waqt hai apne “Hathiyaaron” (Tools) ko ikattha karne ka. Agla lesson bahut khaas hai: Lesson-7 “Beginners Tools List (Shuruaat ke liye zaroori auzaar)”।